Guanidinium chloride
Guanidine Hydrochloride
CAS: 50-01-1
Molecular Formula: CH5N3.ClH
Guanidinium chloride - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Guanidine Hydrochloride |
| Synonyms | Guanidine HCl guanidinechloride Guanidine Chloride Guanidinium chloride AMINOFORMAMIDINE HCL AMINOMETHANAMIDINE HCL Guanidine Hydrochlorie Guanidine Hydrochloride guanidiniumhydrochloride Guanidinemonohydrochloride Guanidine monohydrochloride guanidine,monohydrochloride AMINOFORMAMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOMETHANAMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE |
| CAS | 50-01-1 |
| EINECS | 200-002-3 |
| InChI | InChI=1/CH5N3.ClH/c2-1(3)4;/h(H5,2,3,4);1H/p+1 |
| InChIKey | PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Guanidinium chloride - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | CH5N3.ClH |
| Molar Mass | 95.53 |
| Density | 1.18g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 180-185°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 172.8°C at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point | 58.3°C |
| Water Solubility | 2280 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | Easily soluble in water and ethanol, the aqueous solution is neutral. |
| Vapor Presure | 1.13mmHg at 25°C |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Color | White to slightly yellow |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.040', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.025'] |
| Merck | 14,4562 |
| BRN | 3591990 |
| PH | 4.5-5.5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | room temp |
| Stability | Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.465 |
| MDL | MFCD00013026 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character white or yellowish lumps. Melting Point: 181~183 ℃ relative density: 1.354 solubility: Solubility: 200g/100g water, 76g/100g methanol, 24g/100g ethanol at 20 ℃. Almost insoluble in acetone, benzene and ether. |
| Use | It is mainly used as an intermediate of drugs and is an important raw material for the manufacture of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine and folic acid |
Guanidinium chloride - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S22 - Do not breathe dust. |
| UN IDs | Not regulated |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | MF4300000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29252000 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 655.3 - 907.1 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 2000 mg/kg |
Guanidinium chloride - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Downstream Products | amiloride hydrochloride hydrate |
Guanidinium chloride - Reference
| Reference Show more | Sun Shengwei, He Jian, Liu Meijuan et al. Extraction, isolation and structural identification of prototype collagen [J]. Journal of Food Safety and quality testing, 2019, 010(023):7947-7952. |
Guanidinium chloride - Introduction
Strong fluid agent, used to denature and renaturation proteins. This powerful denaturant can dissolve insoluble or denatured proteins, such as inclusion bodies. This is used as the first step to renaturation to protein or enzyme renaturation to the active state.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:25:31
Guanidinium chloride - Reference Information
| pH indicator color change ph range | 4.5 - 6.0 at 573g/l at 25 c |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| introduction | guanidine hydrochloride, chemical name amino formamidine hydrochloride, is a white or yellowish mass, almost insoluble in acetone, benzene and ether. It can be used as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and other organic synthetic intermediates. It is an important raw material for the manufacture of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethazine and other drugs and folic acid. It can also be used as an antistatic agent for synthetic fibers. |
| preparation method | the preparation method of guanidine hydrochloride has the following technological process: a. melting, putting dicyanamide and ammonium chloride with a weight ratio of 1: 1.27 into a reaction kettle, and carrying out melting reaction at 170~230 ℃ to obtain crude guanidine hydrochloride; B, dissolve, at normal temperature, dissolve the crude guanidine hydrochloride in water according to the ratio of 1: 1, and add the ammonium salt base determined according to the ammonium salt content in the crude guanidine hydrochloride; C, filtration, the raw materials and reaction by-products are removed by filtration; D, dehydration, dehydration of the filtered mother liquor at high temperature; E, crystallization, cooling of supersaturated solution, concentration and crystallization to obtain high purity guanidine hydrochloride. F, the guanidine hydrochloride after step e is added into the reaction kettle, and the melting reaction is carried out at 170~230 ℃ for 3~4h, and then the guanidine hydrochloride with higher purity is obtained through steps B, c, d and e, and this step can be repeated many times as required. G, the guanidine hydrochloride after step e is then passed through steps B, c, d and e, where the ratio of step B to water is 1.5: 1 to obtain higher purity guanidine hydrochloride, and this step can be repeated many times as required. |
| The role of urea and guanidine hydrochloride in the purification of inclusion body proteins | Denaturants (urea and guanidine hydrochloride) can break the hydrogen bonds in the protein structure, which increases the solubility of non-polar molecules, including amino acid side chains, and reduces hydrophobic interactions; urea can also penetrate into the inside of protein molecules and affect the close accumulation of protein molecules. In addition, detergents, organic solvents, heavy metals, heat, mechanical force, freezing, ultrasound, high pressure, radiation, etc. can all cause protein denaturation. These denaturation will not destroy the covalent bonds of the protein, but only involve the destruction of secondary bonds such as hydrogen bonds, salt bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and Van Dehua interactions. Some denatured proteins can automatically return to their natural state after the denaturing factors are removed. This phenomenon is called protein renaturation (renaturation), which is refolding (refolding) in protein folding research. Most of the inclusion body proteins are purified under the condition of pH8. Generally speaking, strong denaturants such as urea (6-8mol/L) and guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl 5 ~ 8mol/L or 6mol/L) are used to break various chemical bonds within and between the inclusion body proteins molecules through the interaction between ions to stretch the peptides. Generally speaking, guanidine hydrochloride is better than urea, because guanidine hydrochloride is a stronger denaturant than urea, it can dissolve the inclusion bodies that cannot be dissolved in urea, and the isocyanate decomposed by urea can cause free carbamylation of polypeptide chains, especially when long-term heat preservation at alkaline pH value. Or use detergents, such as SDS, orthohexyltrimethylammonium chloride, Sarkosyl, etc., to destroy the hydrophobic bonds in the protein, and also dissolve some inclusion body proteins. TritonX-100 is used to dissolve inclusion body proteins levansucrase Zymononas mobilis. In addition, for cysteine-containing proteins, the isolated inclusion bodies usually contain some disulfide bonds formed between chains and inactive disulfide bonds in chains. There are also organic solvents, alkaline environments (greater than 9) or acids (70% formic acid) that can also be dissolved. |
| The role of urea and guanidine hydrochloride in the purification of inclusion body proteins continued | Reducing agents, such as 2-mercaptoethanol (β-ME), dithiothreitol (DTT), dithioerythritol, reduced glutathione (GST), cysteine, need to be added to the denaturation solution. The concentration of reducing agent is generally 50-100mM β-ME or DTT, and there are also literatures using 5mM concentration. The concentration of reducing agent used has nothing to do with the number of protein disulfide bonds, and some proteins without disulfide bonds have no effect on the addition of reducing agent, such as the solubilization of bovine growth hormone inclusion bodies. For the solubilization of certain inclusion bodies without disulfide bonds for the target protein, sometimes the use of reducing agents is also necessary, which may be due to the disulfide-containing heteroproteins affecting the dissolution of inclusion bodies. At the same time, it is also necessary to add metal chelating agents such as EDTA or EGTA to chelate metal ions such as Cu2 and Fe2 to prevent the sulfhydryl group that has been in a reduced state from oxidizing with it. After the denaturant is dissolved, the protein loses its biological activity. |
| guanacycline hydrochloride capsule | [properties] this product is a capsule with yellow powder. [Pharmacology and Toxicology] This product is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agent with bactericidal effect at high concentration. This product is against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Streptococcus hermaphrodii and some Staphylococcus, Perfringens, Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Brucella, Haemophilus influenzae, Campylobacter and Vibrio cholerae have certain antibacterial effects, and also have inhibitory effects on Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, spirochetes, and certain protozoa. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. are mostly resistant to this product. The effect of this product on Gram-positive bacteria is better than that of Gram-positive bacteria, but Enterococcus is resistant to it. Others such as Actinomycetes, Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium, Nocardia, etc. are also sensitive to this product. This product is also resistant to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and tetracycline. This product has certain antibacterial activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis, but penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is also resistant to tetracycline. The mechanism of action of this product is that the drug can specifically bind to the position of the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, and the connection of the negative aminoacyl-tRNA at this position can inhibit the growth of the peptide chain and affect the synthesis of bacterial proteins. [Pharmacokinetics] This product has a large solubility in water, and it is absorbed quickly after oral administration. The blood concentration is the highest in 3 hours, and the effective blood concentration can be maintained for 12 hours. Compared with other tetracyclines, its main feature is that it has a greater affinity for bronchus and lung tissue. After taking the medicine, the concentration in bronchus, lung tissue and bronchial secretions is significantly higher than that of taking a considerable dose of tetracycline hydrochloride. The blood concentration is higher and longer than tetracycline. Mainly excreted by urine in active form. [Indications] For respiratory infections caused by sensitive bacteria. [Usage and Dosage] Oral administration. 1.2g(12 tablets) a day, taken in 3-4 times. [Specification] 0.1g (100,000 unit) [Storage] Seal and store in a dry and dark place. |
| reference quality standard | project name technical index pharmaceutical grade industrial appearance white crystal white crystal content> 99.5% 99% ammonium salt <0.3% 0.5% water insoluble <0.1% 0.1% moisture <0.3% 0.3% ash <0.05% 0.05% water solubility test qualified melting point range 184-188 182-188 absorbance (ultraviolet wavelength 260NM) "0.04 absorbance (ultraviolet wavelength 280NM)" 0.02 PH value (4% aqueous solution) 6.4±0.2 6.4±0.2 |
| Uses | Used in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical industry Mainly used as an intermediate in drugs, it is an important raw material for manufacturing sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethazine and folic acid It can be used as an intermediate in medicine, pesticide, dye and other organic synthesis. It can be used to synthesize 2-aminopyrimidine, 2-amino -6-methyl pyrimidine, 2-amino -4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine, and is used to manufacture sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethazine, etc. Intermediate of sulfonamides. Guanidine hydrochloride (or guanidine nitrate) reacts with ethyl cyanoacetate and is cyclically combined into 2, 4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine, which is used to synthesize the antianemia drug folic acid. It can also be used as an antistatic agent for synthetic fibers. Used as an intermediate in organic synthesis; used as an antistatic agent for synthetic fibers; a powerful chaotropic agent for protein denaturation and subsequent renaturation |
| production method | using dicyanamide and ammonium salt (ammonium chloride) as raw materials, the melting reaction is carried out at 170-230 ℃ to obtain crude guanidine hydrochloride, which is refined to obtain the finished product. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:45:29
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